Characterization and Control of a Superconducting Homopolar Motor with Cryogenic GaN Inverter for Electric Aircrafts

In the quest for a zero-emissions future, the aviation sector is facing the challenge of reducing its carbon footprint. This paper presents a characterization of a superconducting homopolar motor designed to meet the stringent power and efficiency requirements of all-electric aircraft. The control system, which features field-oriented control and a multi-layer architecture, ensures precise operation of the motor under various load conditions. The motor uses a stationary cryogenic superconducting DC coil to generate the rotor’s magnetic field. Utilizing superconducting materials helps produce the high power densities critical for aviation. The characterization of the key parameters of the motor, such as inductances, stator resistance and flux, are presented. A description of the cryogenic GaN power electronic inverter power stage immersed in liquid nitrogen is provided. This design enables future integration next to the motor, and improved power density and efficiency. This paper outlines the design, implementation, and initial testing of the superconducting homopolar motor and its power electronics, highlighting its potential for electric propulsion in aviation by providing a viable solution for long-range flights.