5G Deployment Challenges and Solutions: A Comprehensive Review

The connection of a massive number of devices can offer unprecedented speed, and low latency across industries promised by the deployment of 5G. The official launch of 5G networks offers a unique set of challenges that differentiate it from earlier generations. The 5G introduces a few key challenges such as spectrum scarcity, the need for extensive infrastructure upgrades, cybersecurity concerns, and high energy demands. Additionally, there are logistical and regulatory challenges hence there is a requirement for the deployment of a dense network of small cells because of uses of higher frequencies in 5G. This work reviews the primary challenges confronted in the deployment of 5G. Enabling advancements in IoT, self-directed vehicles, smart cities, and other emerging applications are unlocking the full budding of 5G by addressing these obstacles is essential. Also, this paper explores innovative solutions, including spectrum sharing, energy-efficient network designs, and advanced antenna technologies. These challenges are very helpful to researchers to design and create more innovative implementations of 5G that leads a new era.