Ontologies for Enhancing Interoperability in the Battery Domain: A Systematic Literature Review

Electric vehicle technology has experienced rapid development. However, there are still obstacles on the information technology side, one of which is the separation of information systems that cannot be exchanged easily. This problem arises because each electric vehicle brand makes its own product ecosystem. In contrast, a system that can work efficiently is using data between companies that can be operated together known as interoperability. The most efficient level of information interoperability can be formed from the development of data ontologies. This article aims to explore ontologies to enhance interoperability in the batteries domain, which is a key component of electric vehicles using systematic literature review (SLR) analysis to examine article documents in Scopus from 2014 to 2024. The content analysis of the articles was carried out based on the interoperability layer model classified into domains, zones, and information purposes in two research questions. Research shows that challenges to achieving interoperability are harmonized information representation, diverse domains, and diverse technology applications landscape. This suggests that further research into ontologies for the interoperability battery domain studies is needed to fill the gap.