Self-Capacitance Sensor for Smart Diaper

The significant socio-economic impacts of low birth rates and aging populations have increasingly strained healthcare resources. Enhancing the capacity of limited caregiving personnel is now essential, and Information communication technology (ICT) offers a promising solution. This study demonstrates the application of ICT in healthcare by developing a smart diaper sensor. A uni-electrode self-capacitance sensor was implemented to measure moisture levels in diapers by detecting changes in capacitance in response to urine. Integrated with an IoT system, this setup enables real-time monitoring, remote alerts, and data analysis. A prototype sensor was externally attached to standard diapers, ensuring easy use and maintaining hygiene without direct contact. Experimental tests confirmed the high sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor, with a significant increase in the moisture indicator value even with as little as 1 ml of urine. The device demonstrated stable, reproducible results, with a coefficient variation of 0.059%, validating its effectiveness for detecting diaper wetness. The IoT integration allowed seamless data transmission and analysis, providing caregivers with timely alerts and care tracking. The proposed solution represents a significant advancement in sustainable diaper technology, leveraging IoT and capacitive sensing to enhance healthcare management for both elderly and infant care. This technology addresses essential needs in healthcare settings by improving caregiving efficiency and reducing workload.