Distance Perception Characteristics of Drivers in Tunnel Environment

This study investigates the characteristics of distance perception among drivers in tunnel sections in comparison to those of outside environments. An experimental approach is employed to analyze the differences and accuracy of distance perception in both settings, while also examining the influence of driving age on distance perception. The results indicate that drivers tend to perceive larger distance values when traveling at speeds between 55 and 75 km/h, irrespective of whether they are in the general road environment outside the tunnel or within it. However, at speeds within the range of 75–85 km/h, the perceived distance values $(S_{\mathrm{p}})$ are generally smaller than the actual values. Moreover, the findings suggest that older drivers demonstrate more accurate distance judgment compared to their younger counterparts. Based on these research outcomes, specific recommendations are proposed for the implementation of relevant distance sensing facilities in tunnel sections.