A 92.7% Peak Efficiency Self-Starting Boost Converter With MPPT and Phase Frequency Detector Based Multi Current Detector for Energy Harvesting Systems With a Minimum Input Source Impedance of 1 Ω

This article presents a boost converter based on a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit, and a multicurrent detector (MCD), an offset cancellation circuit to achieve high efficiency over a wide range of input power. The proposed boost converter employs an MPPT design for adaptive on-time operation, which adjusts the on-time width to achieve maximum efficiency depending on the input voltage. In addition, a phase frequency detector-based offset cancellation method is proposed to minimize power loss by accurately sensing the current detector, thereby transferring power. Therefore, the proposed method achieves a significant efficiency improvement of up to 10 % by implementing high-precision offset cancellation with an offset level of approximately $5~\mu $ A, which is significantly lower than the conventional MCD offset of over 60 mA of maximum offset current level. The proposed boost converter fabricated in a 130 nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process occupies an active area of 0.806 mm2 and can self-start with a minimum input voltage of 450 mV ( $40~\mu $ W) and achieve maximum efficiency of 92.7 %.