Development of a Semi-Automatic Wheelchair System for Improved Mobility and User Independence

The development and operation of a semi-automatic wheelchair system aim to enhance user mobility and independence by integrating manual control with automated assistance Key components include an Arduino UNO microcontroller for processing commands, MY1016Z brushed DC motors for wheel drive, and BTS7960 motor controllers for managing speed and direction. The wheelchair operates in both manual and semi-automatic modes: in manual mode, users control movement via their hands, while in semi-automatic mode, the system assists with navigation on challenging terrains such as inclines, declines, rough roads, and muddy surfaces, reducing physical strain via joystick. The hybrid design enhances user safety and comfort by incorporating features such as obstacle avoidance and path optimization by using joystick, which reduce physical efforts. Powered by a 30W MY1016Z motor and an 11.1V battery, the system operates at 7.2V and can function for an entire day on a single charge. This reduces reliance on caregivers by more than 50%, significantly improving user autonomy. The wheelchair system is highly customizable and cost-effective, utilizing affordable and readily available components. With the Arduino UNO and BTS7960 motor driver, users can easily modify settings such as the speed of individual wheels. Additionally, the modular design ensures that components can be replaced or upgraded as needed. Compared to similar solutions on the market, this system offers a lower-cost alternative without sacrificing functionality, making advanced mobility technology more accessible to a wider audience.