A Reliable Federated Learning Server Rotation Algorithm in IoV

Federated learning (FL) enables the collaborative training of models by users distributed across various locations, transforming traditional data sharing into model sharing. This paradigm holds the promise of facilitating the development of safe, reliable, and accurate driving models within Internet of Vehicles (IoV), with its performance contingent upon the stability of the training process. However, traditional FL relies on a central server for aggregation, which is susceptible to malicious attacks. Moreover, limited communication resources prevent the inclusion of all users in the training process. To resolve issues related to reliability and resource utilization, this article proposes a reliable rotating server FL (RSFL) algorithm to enhance the security and efficiency of FL. Specifically, we first consider the vehicular topology and participation in FL during their transition, and introduce a server rotation algorithm that incorporates a weighted sum of multiple factors, including model training activity, vehicle credibility, speed stability, and distance to augment system security. Additionally, addressing the limitation of server channel resources that can impede FL efficiency, this article proposes a method to select high-quality users for channel resource allocation by comprehensively considering participation latency, contribution, energy, and channel state during the FL process. This optimizes resource usage at the FL server side and constructs an efficiency-maximization problem for FL to improve the convergence rate. Simulation results confirm that the proposed RSFL algorithm can significantly enhance the security and system efficiency of FL.