Performance Evaluation of Steel Mill Scale as an Aggregate Replacement in Concrete

Minimizing manufacturing waste and enhancing recycling rates of by-products are crucial for sustainable development strategies. Bahrain stands out in the global steel industry, producing over 12 million tons of iron ore pellets and 1 million tons of structural steel each year. This significant steel production generates various by-products that necessitate effective disposal or recycling strategies. This study explored the use of steel mill scale as a partial aggregate replacement in concrete mixes at varying rates. The findings indicated that incorporating mill scale (MS) significantly improved both compressive and flexural strength in the concrete. Future research will focus on assessing the effects of MS on durability. Overall, the study's results are promising and could advance sustainable development goals within Bahrain's construction sector, highlighting the importance of continued research in this area.