Lithium-Ion Battery Systems: Risk Management, Operations and Maintenance Considerations

For typical industrial UPS and switchgear control applications, oil and gas, refinery, petrochemical, and offshore platform operations are beginning to transition from vented lead acid (VLA), valve regulated lead acid (VRLA), and nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries to modern battery technologies. Recognize that modern battery technologies require battery management and control systems that were not mandatory for VLA, VRLA, or Ni-Cd technologies.Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) papers and presentations tend to highlight and promote the "advantages," while providing only an overview of the Battery Management System (BMS). To increase awareness and understanding, the author’s’ previous paper "Lithium-Ion BMS Concepts for Industrial UPS Applications and Questions We Should Be Asking" [1] focused on the BMS systems for a conceptual example Li-ion battery system used with a typical 120V industrial UPS with backup power in range of 15kVA to 200kVA and stored energy greater than 20kWh. This paper conveyed to PCIC an overview and understanding of the BMS systems.This paper will focus on Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) battery operational and risk management considerations, factory acceptance testing (FAT), shipping, storage, commissioning, operation, and maintenance.