A Review for Graphene, Graphene-based Materials, and Their Applications in Photonics and Optoelectronic Devices

Graphene is an extremely exciting topic in the photonics and optoelectronics fields owing to its tremendous attributes, which include flexibility, high mobility, optical transparency, resilience, and environmental stability. Chemically altered and nanostructured graphene-based nanomaterials have significant characteristics to be involved in the framework of optoelectronic devices as an active constituent. Hence, it can provide numerous openings to the current technology of atomically thin carbon sheets and enhance its applications to the technology of photonic and optoelectronic devices. Originally, graphene oxide (GO) had been expanded for following graphene; however, it has been identified promptly as a practical matter. Thus, in this paper, firstly we explain the fundamentals physics of graphene. Then we exhibit an overview of the basic background, accessible technologies, recent developments of nanostructured graphene substances, and the construction and fabrication methods of graphene, GO, and reduced GO (rGO). Subsequently, the optical and electronic attributes of graphene and the applications of the graphene-based materials in optoelectronic and photonic state-of-the-art such as polymer transistors based on graphene and 2D layered GO films for integrated photonic components have been reviewed. Eventually, an outline of the current state of matters and scientific concerns will be followed by conclusions in the last section.