Wireless Sensor Network-Based Semi-Addressable Fire Detection and Alarm System with Zone Loop Short and Open Circuit Detection

Fire detection and alarm systems (FDAS) play a vital role in the early detection and warning in the event of a fire. The choice of the FDAS type installation is highly dependent on the requirements of the building as determined by the design professional. This research focused on the design and implementation of a semi-addressable FDAS that uses conventional FDAS components. It uses Arduino Uno for control and processing, XBee S2C RF modules using the DigiMesh protocol for the wireless network structure, INA226 sensing module to monitor the loop current. The system's different parameters were validated in the different tests. As the distance between nodes increased, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) in dBm became more negative and the RSSI pulse became narrower. The throughput was nearly constant as the distance between nodes increases for both line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) conditions. The round-trip time (RTT) was also nearly constant under LOS condition while non-constant for NLOS condition. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test suggests that the number of payload bytes has an influence on the RSSI pulses and the RSSI values (dBm) has an influence on the RTT values (ms) for both LOS and NLOS conditions.