QNTN: Establishing a Regional Quantum Network in Tennessee

This paper investigates the design of a regional Quantum Network in Tennessee (QNTN) that will connect three quantum local area networks in different cities. We explore two approaches for achieving this interconnection: deploying a satellite constellation in the space layer and employing high-altitude platforms (HAPs) in the aerial layer. Our comparison reveals that a space-ground architecture that uses 108 satellites provides 55.17% coverage of the day and handles 57.75% of entanglement distribution requests with an average fidelity of 0.96. In contrast, the air-ground architecture delivers full-day coverage, fulfills 100% of requests, and achieves a higher average fidelity of 0.98. However, HAPs face significant challenges such as limited operational time, sensitivity to vibrations and weather conditions, and the need for continuous maintenance. This paper contributes to the understanding of optimal architecture for regional quantum networks, highlighting the trade-offs between satellite-based and air-ground approaches.