Biocarbon Synthesis Methods for Anode Electrodes: A Review

This review analyzes hard carbon and its derivatives for energy storage applications, specifically as electrodes and anodes in batteries and supercapacitors. Various types of hard carbon have demonstrated significant improvements in terms of storage capacity and cycle stability. The benefits of using biomass by-products, such as agricultural, forestry, and organic waste, are highlighted, particularly when comparing conversion capacities, porosity, and performance. This review details types of biomass conversions, focusing on pyrolysis and chemical activation. It concludes that biocarbon and hard carbon are both viable and promising, positioning them as essential technologies for developing sustainable and efficient energy storage systems.