From Waves to Watts: Advancements in rectenna arrays for radio-frequency energy harvesting and wireless power transfer

The progression of radio-frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) and wireless power transfer (WPT) has prompted exceptional advancements in rectenna arrays, enabling the transformation of electromagnetic (EM) waves into usable power. This comprehensive review article explores the state-of-the-art developments in rectenna array technology, highlighting innovative approaches and breakthroughs that have improved the efficiency and applicability of rectenna arrays. The article begins with an explanation of the fundamental principles underlying rectenna array operation. Subsequently, the diverse design approaches that have been proposed to optimize rectenna arrays for RFEH and WPT applications are explored. These approaches encompass a spectrum of key aspects, including antenna design, rectifier topology, impedance matching techniques, and materials selection. This review article aspires to provide readers with an understanding of the dynamic landscape of RFEH and WPT through rectenna array designs.