Examining Factors Influencing Continuous Adoption of Drone Technology in Malaysian Paddy Farming Using an Adapted UTAUT Model

The adoption of drone technology, a key application of mechatronics in agriculture, has shown substantial promise in improving crop monitoring, resource management, and overall productivity. This study explores the factors affecting the continued use of drones among paddy farmers in Malaysia's Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority (KADA) region. Applying a modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, the research analyzes the influence of Performance Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, and Trust on farmers' intentions to sustain drone usage. A quantitative methodology was used, gathering data from 50 paddy farmers with prior drone experience through structured questionnaires. The reliability and validity of the constructs were verified using Cronbach's alpha and correlation analyses. Regression results indicated that Facilitating Conditions and Trust significantly impact farmers' intentions to continue using drones, whereas Performance Expectancy and Social Influence were not significant predictors. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing support mechanisms and fostering trust to encourage long-term adoption of mechatronic systems in paddy farming. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and service providers, guiding the development of targeted strategies to meet farmers' needs and facilitate sustainable, efficient agricultural practices through advanced mechatronic technology.