Advancements in Time-Domain-Based Protection and Dynamic State Estimation for Power Systems with Inverter-Based Resources

This paper aims to construct a state-of-the-art review of the state estimation tool in the area of protection and control systems, examining the latest applications and discussing the pending challenges of this technique. Publications covering state estimation for power systems are categorized in terms of application, algorithm type, and component to monitor. This work demonstrates that most applications of state estimators in protection and control systems rely on unrealistic synthetic data and conventional estimation algorithms. The main barriers to implementing state estimation in the protection and control area are related to the lack of novel techniques, high computational complexity, and the unavailability of mathematical and physical models reflecting the real behavior of each system component. This paper extensively compiles various publications and, based on the identification of challenges and implementation opportunities, proposes a proof-of-concept case study that leads to the development of an experimental state estimator environment with real-time simulation.