The effects of the phantom shell on SAR and the implications to 802.11x technologies (including WiFi and VoIP)

The specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) phantom featuring a plastic pinna and the APREL Laboratories Universal Phantom (UP) were used in numerical simulations and experimental assessments to investigate the relation between averaged specific-absorption-rate (SAR) and the separation between the antenna and tissue boundary, for frequencies between 3-6 GHz. Results show that SAR, measured from the same distance from the antenna, is higher as the shell-thickness increases. The physical separation caused by the plastic, which has higher conductivity than air, provides a higher energy transfer into the tissue-simulating liquid.