Multi-area Microgrid Leader-follower Game Strategy for Fuel-cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

As the number of new energy vehicles continues to increase, the coupling between multi-area microgrid and transportation networks becomes increasingly tight, making the coordinated optimization problem of multi-area microgrid more complex. This paper takes hydrogen as the link connecting multi-area microgrid and establishes an equivalent mileage model for fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles. It proposes a multi-area microgrid leader-follower game model considering real-time electricity prices and dynamic hydrogen prices. In this model, microgrid operator (leader) set the electricity /hydrogen prices of replenishing stations, while clusters of fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles (follower) adjust their replenishing strategies based on price signals. Subsequently, the leader-follower game model is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming problem using linear relaxation techniques, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions and duality theory, and solved using YALMIP/GUROBI. Finally, the proposed scheme is analyzed with a multi-area microgrid multi-energy flow coupling system, validating its effectiveness in increasing microgrid operator revenues and reducing replenishing costs for fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles.