Feasibility study of an intelligent monitoring platform for the power transformers in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East region

Power transformers are essential and costly components of electrical generation, transmission, and distribution networks. Their failure can result in significant disruptions and pose risks such as fires and chemical leaks, threatening human safety and the environment. The shift towards digitized grid automated systems has heightened the focus on Transformer Live Performance Management (TLFM) among industry and academia. Consequently, various continuous and offsite performance tracking methods have been developed for electrical transformers. This paper presents an advanced review of these status-tracking techniques for oil transformers, including monitoring methodologies, outcome evaluations, and the evolution of long-term strategies. Additionally, it provides a framework for developing an online platform to enhance transformer lifecycle information, thereby improving grid reliability and sustainability. The study investigates transformer failures in Saudi Arabia, analyzing over 85% of transformer assets from Saudi Arabia. Data from 4 years reveal that non-catastrophic failures predominantly occur in transformers very old transformers, while catastrophic failures are more frequent in those aged 11-20 years and over 40 years. The paper comprehensively compares various tracking techniques, discussing their advantages, limitations, current technological constraints, and potential future applications.