Reconceptualizing the Transmission Line Protection From the Perspective of IBR-Dominated Grid

This study evaluates the performance of distance relay in the presence of inverter-based resources. In particular, it investigated the dynamic response of an inverter-based resource that is endowed with low voltage ride through capability and the performance of a distance relay at various time scales of operation following fault inception. Analytical evaluation and electro-magnetic transient simulation demonstrates that the influence of inverter-based resources varies significantly depending on the study’s time scale and the protection zones of the distance relay. The research also explores the effect of grid strength on the distance relay operation. A few considerations that may help improve the overall reliability of the distance relay operation in the presence of inverter-based resources are discussed. The results of this study suggest an intentional delay in zone 1 setting, revised reach settings, and underline the importance of electro-magnetic transient studies to ensure reliable operation of the relay. Furthermore, this study can assist protection engineers in proper relay configurations, particularly when the relay is exclusively fed by an inverter-based resource.