Evidence-Based Reasoning in Medical Assessment: Collaborating with Physicians in Practicing Argument Development and Evidence Marshalling

People without professional medical knowledge often opt for expensive yet swift emergency room services when they fall ill, placing significant pressure on nurse triage systems. Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are widely used in healthcare, they raise concerns about accuracy, bias, fairness, lack of explainability, ethical and legal challenges, and the risk of over-reliance and de-skilling. These issues remain unresolved by researchers. In this paper, we present research conducted in collaboration with physicians, using the scientific method for hypothesis generation, evidence collection, and hypotheses analysis to develop well-reasoned arguments and marshal evidence effectively. By integrating evidence-based reasoning with healthcare expertise, our approach mimics the nurse triage process in emergency departments (ED), offering guidance ranging from life-saving interventions to less urgent care recommendations. This clear, structured analysis-detailing the argument logic, evidence used, and its application-supports the training of less experienced ED nurses, enhancing their critical thinking skills and encouraging rational use of AI tools rather than indiscriminate reliance.