The Design and Analysis of 5G mmWave Backhaul Communication Channels with Human Obstruction and Blockage Considerations

The exponential escalation in wireless data traffic, catalyzed by high-throughput applications, necessitates augmented bandwidth and superior service quality for forthcoming communication networks. This proliferation introduces a critical impediment: cost-effective backhauling. Pivotal 5G technologies, such as millimeter-wave (mmWave) and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), present a transformative research paradigm for delivering robust communication services. This inquiry delves into the intricacies of 5G mmWave channel modeling, particularly under conditions of obstructions and anthropogenic blockages. Utilizing the NYUSIM channel simulator, we meticulously scrutinize various channel parameters within a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment. Millimeter-wave technology, with its extensive spectral range (10–300 GHz), is increasingly recognized as a viable alternative to optical fiber for 5G backhaul solutions. Nevertheless, human obstructions constitute a predominant challenge. This research proffers a comprehensive mmWave channel model tailored to 5G backhaul scenarios, elucidating the ramifications of human interference on channel dynamics. Our findings reveal that anthropogenic blockage significantly exacerbates path loss and attenuates received power, thereby adversely affecting overall channel performance. By providing profound insights into the deleterious effects of human interference on mm Wave channels, this study contributes to the advancement of more accurate and reliable 5G communication systems, underscoring the imperative of accounting for human obstructions in future channel modeling endeavors.