Enhancing Wireless Power Transfer Efficiency for Medical Implants: A Performance Evaluation of Human Tissue Encapsulated Antennas

Development in radio frequency (RF)-based wireless power transfer (WPT) is transforming implantable medical devices (IMDs)-including pacemakers, neurostimulators, and drug delivery systems-into cutting-edge technologies. The current research investigates these developments, focusing in particular on the creation and enhancement of implantable rectennas-which transform electromagnetic waves into DC power necessary for implantable medical devices-and their optimization. Our work addresses a variety of design factors, such as efficiency, bio-compatibility, and antenna size and frequency range. Additionally, it presents a human tissue model that incorporates safety precautions such as the specific absorption rate (SAR) to precisely represent antenna behavior within the body. Findings show that our rectennas outperform previous methods, achieving an amazing RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of up to 75.75%. The improvements made in 3D printing and materials greatly improve the efficiency and compactness of rectennas, which might revolutionize power management in biomedical applications.