Reliability and Economic Viability Evaluation of Hybrid Microgrids with EV and Travel Patterns

In reaction to the effects of burning fossil fuels and releasing carbon into the air, researchers are trying to use less energy and practice sustainable methods. Evaluation of power system stability was caused by the need for a steady and stable source of electricity. A stable source has few breakdowns. In order to support smart transportation, electric cars (EVs) are becoming more popular as a clean option. Connecting electric vehicles (EVs) to the power grid, also known as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems, uses the energy that stopped EVs don't use during busy hours, which is good for both the economy and the environment. This research aims to enhance microgrid operations by utilizing V2G devices, Battery-ESS, and renewable energy sources (RES). Concerning how people move, the main goals are to make the system more reliable, lower its pollution, and balance the supply and demand of energy. By combining different RESs, batteryESS, and V2G systems and thinking about stability and cost, adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) optimization makes the power balance in a microgrid better. The AMPC method combines solar PV, wind turbines, EV charging stations, and battery-ESSs to measure the effect of yearly real interest rates on cost and emission data, trying to reduce energy costs while improving reliability. After looking at seven different configurations, the study shows that AMPC optimization successfully combines RESs, reversible EV charging, and Battery-ESSs, leading to good results.