Automatic Switch IoT Terminal for Elastic Block-Based Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Behind-the-Meter Systems

Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading presents a promising way for consumers to share excess energy and enhance community-driven energy systems. This paper introduces an elastic energy block (EB)-based P2P trading model with an automatic switch Internet of Things (IoT) terminal to address the flexibility of user-initiated transactions and ensure consistency between online transactions and offline dispatching. The EB model enhances user flexibility by allowing dynamic adjustments of transaction parameters through a rolling aggregation process. It also features an optimized power loss allocation mechanism that accurately reflects network conditions, improving trade alignment with actual energy flows. Additionally, the designed automatic switch IoT terminal facilitates seamless bidirectional data exchange between online transactions and offline energy dispatch, ensuring precise control over energy transmission and addressing issues such as latency and inconsistencies in smart meter readings. The case study on an IEEE 15-bus system shows that the EB model effectively increases user transaction volumes, boosting total social welfare by over 8%. The effectiveness and accuracy of the systems are also validated.