On the Processes Leading to Carotenemia-Elicited Changes in the Spectral Responses and Chromatic Attributes of Human Skin

The presence of large concentrations of carotenoids within human skin, normally referred to as carotenemia, has been associated with a myriad of photobiological phenomena with a direct impact on the population’s health. Despite the diverse body of biomedical research in this area, there are still key aspects that remain elusive with respect to the cutaneous accumulation of these compounds and their effects on skin and light interactions. Accordingly, the current understanding about the spectral responses and chromatic attributes of affected skin specimens, notably those characterized by high levels of pigmentation, is hindered by empirical information paucity. In this paper, we address these interconnected processes and their implications for the assessment of individuals’ carotenemic status. To achieve that, we conducted controlled in silico experiments supported by measured data. We also discuss different strategies for the cost-effective monitoring of carotenoids’ accumulation in skin sites more exposed to ultraviolet light and characterized by distinct levels of pigmentation.