Optimizing Regenerative Braking Efficiency with Supercapacitor for Electric Vehicles

In electric vehicles (EVs), regenerative braking is a key mechanism for energy recovery, typically directing captured energy back into the battery. However, during instances of peak load, the energy generated can surpass the battery’s capacity to store it, resulting in potential energy loss. This project proposes an enhanced regenerative braking system utilizing a hybrid storage configuration composed of both batteries and supercapacitors. The system is designed to efficiently manage and store surplus energy during peak regenerative events. When the electric motor detects high energy levels during braking, an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) switch activates to channel the excess energy through a bi-directional DC-DC converter into the supercapacitors. This setup allows for normal energy levels to recharge the battery, while only excess energy is diverted to the supercapacitors, optimizing the overall energy capture. The stored energy in the supercapacitors can be returned to the battery when needed, ensuring a consistent power supply and improving the vehicle’s performance. This approach not only minimizes energy loss but also enhances the lifespan of the battery by reducing the frequency of high current charges. The system’s effectiveness is validated through simulation studies, indicating a significant improvement in the regenerative efficiency and operational range of EVs.