A Review of Intrusion Detection for Railway Perimeter Using Deep Learning-Based Methods

Efficiently detecting intrusions on a railway perimeter is crucial for ensuring the safety of railway transportation. With the development of computer vision, researchers have been actively exploring methods for detecting foreign object intrusion via image recognition technology. This article reviews the background and importance of detecting railway perimeter intrusion, summarizes the limitations of traditional detection methods, and emphasizes the potential of improving detection accuracy and efficiency in image recognition with deep learning models. Further, it introduces the development of deep learning in image recognition, focusing on the principles and progress of key technologies such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and vision transformers (ViTs). In addition, the application status of semantic segmentation and object detection algorithms based on deep learning in detecting railway perimeter intrusion is explored, including the classification, principles, and performance of the algorithms in practical applications. Finally, it highlights the primary challenges faced in railway perimeter intrusion detection and projects future research directions to resolve these challenges, including multisource data fusion, large-scale dataset construction, model compression, and end-to-end multitask learning networks. These studies support the accuracy and real-time detection of railway perimeter intrusion, and provide technical guarantees for railway transportation monitoring tasks.