An Intelligent Signage Color Configuration Workflow Base on Universal Design

The concept of universal design in environmental signage holds significant practical value for all demographic groups, particularly those with low vision. This study aims to establish a theoretical foundation for signage color configuration and to enhance the universal construction of future environments by examining the relationship between color elements and signage legibility, as well as by refining the color configuration process. Utilizing the Natural Color System and adhering to international universal design guidelines, this study conducted an interview study among Chinese participants, supplemented by both online and offline questionnaires. These questionnaires evaluated the hue combination, brightness contrast, and color contrast of visual signages. The study involved 164 participants aged between 18 and 84 years, including 144 young adults and 20 older adults, with varying visual capabilities. Findings revealed that both age groups exhibit similar preferences for signage colors, though slight variations were noted, attributed to differing health conditions and personal traits. Importantly, color contrast emerged as a critical factor influencing signage legibility, with a color contrast level of 6 fulfilling the requirements of most groups. From these results, we propose a set of recommended color combinations and a method for configuring color in universal signage systems. This research not only lays groundwork for further quantitative studies on environmental signage color in China but also offers a model for universal design applications on a broader scale.