Vertically Driven Rod as Lightning Protection Earthing System: A Review

This paper revisits the application of vertically driven rod as an earthing system for lightning protection purposes. The review covers the design principles, material selection, and installation techniques. Deep-driven rods offer advantages in areas with high soil resistivity, while chemically enhanced rods can provide lower ground resistance. Proper adherence to installation guidelines and local regulations is crucial for ensuring the safe and effective implementation of vertical rod grounding systems. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the key aspects of vertical rod grounding systems, this review serves as a valuable resource for systems engineers, researchers, and practitioners in the field of electrical engineering. The insights presented in this review contribute to the optimization of grounding system design and implementation, ultimately enhancing the safety and reliability of electrical systems in various soil conditions and environments. Besides, the overview of earthing standards and regulations in different countries is demonstrated. Each country follows specific guidelines and standards to ensure electrical safety, mitigate the risks associated with electrical faults, and protect against electric shock.