Investigating Agricultural IoT Devices And Services From Cybersecurity Perspectives

The rise of smart farm has led to the increasing use of devices with communication capabilities in the agricultural field. Although papers and security reports have warned about the necessity of security measures for IoT devices used in the industrial field, there is little existing research that investigates the actual state of these measures. In this paper, we first developed a list of 175 agricultural IoT devices, followed by a taxonomy based on that list. Next, using Shodan’s observation network, we conducted a large-scale survey of agricultural IoT devices (including systems and services that include agricultural IoT devices within themselves) that are publicly available on the Internet to investigate the actual security of agricultural IoT devices. In addition, this study also examines security risks related to agricultural IoT devices that may emerge in the future and current standards that can be used as countermeasures.