Overview of Available Fiber Optic Backhaul Solutions for 5G/6G Networks

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of fiber optic backhaul solutions for 5G and 6G networks, emphasizing the critical role of backhaul in supporting ultra-dense, heterogeneous network topologies. The analysis explores the shift of potential bottlenecks to the backhaul segment with the advent of 5G, highlighting the need for high bandwidth, low latency, and reliable connectivity. It compares different fiber optic topologies, evaluates enabling technologies and solutions based on passive optical networks. Special attention is given to TWDM-PON as a flexible and cost-effective solution, capable of meeting the stringent requirements of 5G/6G backhaul.