Design of Antenna Array of 2x1 Configuration for Microwave Imaging

This research paper meticulously examines the sophisticated design and rigorous evaluation of a 2x1 antenna array, intricately customized for advanced microwave imaging applications. The inquiry prioritizes the enhancement of pivotal performance metrics, such as return loss, gain, bandwidth, and radiation pattern. The analysis incorporates FR-4 substrate material, notable for its lossy characteristics and a dielectric constant of 4.4, thereby ensuring a profound alignment with pragmatic real-world scenarios. Extensive electromagnetic simulations were conducted, fine-tuning the antenna array design to achieve a remarkable return loss of -33.68 dB and a bandwidth of 2.18 GHz. Additionally, the array exhibited a gain of 5.28 dB, demonstrating its applicability in microwave imaging scenarios. To validate the simulation results, 2x1 antenna array were fabricated and tested. These measurements aligned with the simulation data, confirming a return loss of - 32.27 dB, an extended bandwidth of 2.53 GHz, and gain of 2.53 dB. The antenna array retained its omnidirectional radiation pattern, ensuring a consistent signal. The combined use of simulation and experimental validation underscores the practical feasibility and reliability of antenna array, paving the way for advanced microwave imaging systems with improved resolution and accuracy.