Communication Protocols for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Analysis

Electric vehicles (EV s) Significantly contribute to sustainable development goals (SDGs) by mitigating emissions, enhancing air quality, fostering renewable energy use, generating green employment, and facilitating access to sustainable transportation. In electric vehicles (EV s), multiple components require communication protocols to enable synchronization of subsystems such as battery management and charging infrastructure and ensure optimal efficiency and interoperability. There is a wide adoption of Electric vehicles (EV s) worldwide to create a sustainable environment. Based upon the above aspects, this article presents a thorough literature review of the communication protocols for EV s, where the key technical components of the EV ecosystem are summarized in detail. Further, this study presented an overview of communication protocols for EV s, covering front- end and back-end protocols. The significance of protocols in EV charging is discussed, including aspects like interoperability, communication and data exchange, plug- and-charge capability, monitoring, and smart charging. The findings of the study conclude that this communication protocol is used to integrate electric vehicles (EVs) into transportation networks. Front-end and back-end protocols govern the communication between electric vehicles (EVs) and charging stations, as well as between the infrastructure and third-party operators. Protocols like ISO 15118, OCPP, IEC 61850, and others are used for different purposes. Protocols are based on their openness, compatibility, maturity, and market adoption to determine their adequacy for adoption in the EV business. The review's novelty comes from its comprehensive analysis of communication protocols for electric vehicles (EV s), which encompasses both detailed elements and performing outcomes.