Artificial Intelligence for Climate Sustainability: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Climate sustainability plays a very crucial role in environmental sustainability and by considerable use of natural resources, and reducing pollution, we can make our planet beautiful and sustaining for the life of future generations. Climate changes constitute increasingly severe challenges, and with the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the necessity for innovation in fostering climate sustainability has become increasingly evident. This review organizes an exhaustive inventory of which AI affects climate science. The challenges remain unmet in AI's various applications across sectors such as optimization of renewable energy, climate modeling, disaster resilience and environmental monitoring. This paper discusses the important roles of applying AI in overcoming climate change difficulties. These include energy management or conservation, cap-and-trade for carbon emissions, climate and weather forecasting, grid management, transportation, and agriculture infrastructure, or city planning. It also looks into how and the extent to which AI is adopted in resource management, increasing the adoption of renewable energy, fostering sustainable development, and overseeing resources such as water and forests. This study acknowledges various barriers that impede the effective application of Artificial Intelligence in combating climate change which include data restrictions, algorithms' bias, and ethical issues with AI operations. To solve the major challenges described, we improve the major findings of this extensive literature review and distill a set of practical recommendations for policy-makers, industrial actors and researchers. Which will in return assist in overcoming challenges and enhance the capacity of AI in combating climate change and environmental conservation.