Nested OODA: A C2 Model Based on Fractal Theory

Command and control (C2) is now widely applied in various fields. Whether in military, emergency response, traffic management, business operations, or healthcare, C2 systems play a crucial role. By integrating information, real-time monitoring, and efficient decision-making, C2 has significantly enhanced operational efficiency and response capabilities across these domains. The applications of C2 theory have not only enhanced overall coordination and rationality in resource allocation but also provided strong support for crisis management in various scenarios, ensuring the smooth completion of tasks and security. The OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide, Act) loop is a classic model in C2 field. Building upon the OODA loop and incorporating fractal theory, this paper proposes a nested OODA model and establishes an evaluation metrics for the nested OODA loop.