Landmine detection using electromagnetic time reversal-based methods: 1. Classical TR, iterative TR, DORT and TR-MUSIC

In this paper, we present a review and classification of the published works on the use of Electromagnetic Time Reversal (EMTR)-based methods to locate landmines. Different approaches for landmine localization using EMTR are investigated. Specifically, the classical time-domain EMTR, iterative EMTR, EMTR-DORT (Décomposition de l'Opérateur du Retournement Temporel), and EMTR-MUSIC (Multiple SIgnal Classification) are implemented using different numerical techniques. The main properties of the mentioned EMTR-based approaches are reviewed and the TR-MUSIC method is selected as the most promising approach for the problem of interest, among all the reviewed methods. In the TR-MUSIC method, the transfer matrix is calculated in the first step. Then, the singular value decomposition of the transfer matrix is performed. In the last step, the location of the landmines is obtained through the evaluation of the pseudospectrum. As opposed to other EMTR-based techniques, TR-MUSIC features very high resolution (in the order of 1/10 or higher) with a reasonable number of sensors, allowing the detection of multiple closely spaced targets.