Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols in VPN Networks: Focus on DMVPN, FlexVPN, Single Hub, and Dual Hub Scenarios

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are critical for secure communication over the internet, and the choice of routing protocols significantly influences their effectiveness. This paper compares various routing protocols utilized in VPN networks, explicitly focusing on Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network (DMVPN), FlexVPN, and configurations involving single and dual hub scenarios. The analysis evaluates performance metrics such as latency, bandwidth utilization, scalability, and fault tolerance. The findings aim to guide network engineers and decision-makers in selecting the most suitable routing protocol for their specific VPN deployment scenarios.