Practical CVR Optimal Voltage Investigation for Household Appliances

Energy optimization is a crucial component of contemporary power distribution networks because it allows growing electricity demand to be met while maintaining optimal resource consumption. This study experimentally investigates Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) factors for a variety of electrical device categories. Key contributions of this research include the identification of optimal voltage levels for different household appliances, thereby enhancing energy management techniques. The experimental results from various electrical devices, including household appliances, personal devices, heating appliances, and mechanical equipment, reveal significant patterns in power utilization as voltage changes. For instance, when the voltage decreases, appliances like electric kettles and microwaves tend to reduce power usage, whereas personal devices like desktop PCs exhibit the opposite pattern. Heating instruments such as heaters and irons show lower power needs as voltage drops, while mechanical equipment like fans and water pumps maintain more constant power consumption across voltage fluctuations. The study determines optimal voltage values based on peak CVR factors, identifying 225V as optimal for devices like electric kettles, microwaves, and refrigerators, and 210V for irons and heaters. Understanding these optimal voltage values is critical for establishing voltage control techniques that optimize system efficiency, dependability, and performance, making this study a significant contribution to the field of energy management.