Characterization of Advanced Magnetic Materials for Developing High-Power-Density High-Efficiency Electric Motors for Driving Electric Vehicles

Advancing the performance and sustainability of electric vehicles (EVs) hinges on the development of high-power-density, high-efficiency electric motors and drives. This paper investigates the characterization of magnetic properties of advanced magnetic materials for enhancing the performance of these motors. It is crucial to comprehensively understand and model these material properties considering the specific operational conditions of these devices. For instance, the magnetic fields in rotating electrical machines exhibit rotational behavior either in a two-dimensional (2D) plane or across a three-dimensional (3D) space. Despite this, when designing and analyzing electrical machines, the material properties are often assessed under one-dimensional (1D) sinusoidal magnetization. Notably, research has unveiled stark differences between the 2D/3D rotational magnetic properties and their corresponding 1D counterparts. This paper endeavors to showcase the 2D/3D characterization of several electromagnetic materials such as soft magnetic composite, nanocrystalline, and amorphous ferromagnetic materials. Furthermore, it aims to explore their applications in advancing high-performance electric motors for EVs. Understanding these nuanced material behaviors across different dimensions of magnetization is vital for optimizing the design and efficiency of electric motors.