Enhanced Photovoltaic Panel Diagnostics: Advancing a High-Precision and Low-Cost I – V Curve Tracer

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of an in-house developed current-voltage (I–V) curve tracer compared to the widely used Seaward PV200. Our device, a wireless, microcontroller-based tracer, is designed for precise monitoring of photovoltaic (PV) panels, significantly outperforming the PV200 in speed and measurement quality. Key features include an innovative disconnecting circuit that allows integration into PV strings without disrupting energy production and a control algorithm that evenly distributes measurement points along the I–V curve. Experimental results, obtained under nonuniform irradiation, demonstrate our tracer’s capability to accurately detect operational conditions, such as the activation of bypass diodes. Electroluminescence testing further validated the integrity and performance of the examined panels, emphasizing the importance of advanced instrumentation in enhancing solar energy system efficiency. Our findings highlight substantial advancements in PV diagnosis, offering a robust tool for performance analysis and fostering the development of efficient solar energy solutions.