Exploring Chip-Off Firmware Extraction Techniques and Challenges: Case Studies in Smart Plugs

Extraction of firmware from electrical equipment is a common technique used in digital forensics, cybersecurity investigations, and hardware embedded. Deep understanding of embedded protocols such as UART, 12C, SPI, JTAG, SWD, and possible attacks on these devices, as well as various methodologies such as EEPROM chips, and nowadays Flash chip to remove the data using the universal debugger hardware and other hardware, bottlenecks, and the essential part that recoverable firmware plays in real-world smart plug issues. Performed different equip-ment and binary data extractions with the appropriate heat and temperature to remove the chip. By addressing safety issues and chip-off problems, it increases the accuracy of the thermal-based technique for physically removing the chip. Chip-off acquisition approaches typical procedures in a variety of applications, including loT devices, network hardware, and embedded systems, proving their usefulness. Outline different ways for removing data or firmware from devices before removing the chip. The extraction of binary data with the removal chip employed in the study is exceedingly successful and has no effect on the chip bits. This study emphasizes the importance of ongoing collaboration and innovation in order to ensure chip off capacity to react to new security measures and threats.