A Buoy for Acoustic Observations in the Arctic Region

To explore the shallow noise under the ice canopy in the Arctic Ocean and analyze the activities of marine mammals, this paper presents an ice-based buoy system design for acoustic monitoring. The entire system includes a power supply, a communication module, and online processing functions, enabling continuous observation of ocean background noise and detection of whistle signals. The noise caused by friction between the ropes and sensors is also observed. This noise has characteristics that are highly similar to those of the click signal. A combination of fundamental frequency detection and image processing methods was applied, yielding an improvement in the accuracy of signal boundary detection. The entire system was field tested during the 13^th Chinese Arctic Research Expedition, confirming its feasibility.