Metamaterial Inspired Layered Patch Antenna for Navigational Applications

India’s regional satellite navigation system, NAVIC, provides users with exact position, navigation, and time data in India and its neighbouring territories. Specific antenna solutions are required for the $L_{1}(1.57 \mathrm{GHz}), L_{2}(1.22 \mathrm{GHz}), L_{5}$ (1.13 GHz), and S(2.5 GHz) frequency bands in order to achieve best performance and accuracy. Two stacked patch components with orthogonal polarisations (circular or linear) make up the suggested antenna layout. Using the air gap improves performance but increases structural complexity. Use two different patch structures in independent dielectric layers to accomplish dual-band functioning. For applications like the NAVIC system in particular, the combination of metamaterials and a stacked patch antenna will result in higher efficiency over a broad frequency range. The upper and lower patch resonates at L1 band and L2 band respectively. In the upper patch, corner truncation is used to create circular polarisation, whereas in the lower patch, an I-slot and corner truncation are used. Metamaterial is positioned above the patches, causing high-gain resonances at the S and L5 bands. The resonant frequencies of 1.13,1.22,1.57, and 2.5 GHz produced values of return loss of 16.84dB,-13.94dB,-28.66dB, and -34.34 dB, and gains of 0.49dB, 1.66dB, 2.13dB, and 0.73 dB, according to the simulated results.