Sliding Mode Control for DC Microgrid Powered by Solar PV, Fuel Cell and Energy Storage System with Pulsating Loads

This study proposes a sliding mode control (SMC) method designed for a DC Microgrid (MG) system that integrates a fuel cell with battery backup and a photovoltaic (PV) array with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) capability. Because of their potential for effective energy distribution and conversion in a range of applications, DC MGs are drawing a lot of interest. The integration of RES like PV arrays & fuel cells poses challenges in maintaining stable operation and optimizing energy utilization. The proposed SMC scheme is designed to regulate the DC bus voltage and ensure seamless transition between different operational modes, such as grid-connected and standalone operation. The MPPT algorithm implemented for the PV array maximizes the harvested solar energy under varying environmental conditions, while the fuel cell system with battery backup provides reliable power supply during periods of solar insufficiency or grid outages. Simulation output results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SMC approach in achieving robust and reliable control of the DC MG system. The system exhibits fast dynamic response, accurate tracking of the maximum power point, and smooth transition between different operating modes. Comparative analysis with conventional control techniques highlights the superiority of the proposed SMC strategy in terms of performance and robustness. Overall, the proposed SMC-based control strategy offers a promising solution for increasing the efficiency, stability, and reliability of DC MG systems incorporating PV arrays with MPPT capability and fuel cell battery backup. This research contributes to advancing the development of sustainable and resilient power systems suitable for diverse applications, including remote communities, industrial facilities, and distributed energy network.