Direct and Indirect Measurements of Force and Torque in Wire Drawing

The article describes three experimental methods for determining the drawing force - strain gauge, indirect using electrical value sensors installed as part of an electric drive and non-contact by measuring wire vibrations and converting the obtained frequencies into an electrical signal. The strain gauge method for determining the drawing force is the most accurate, since the measurement is carried out directly, i.e. it allows measuring the force of the die pressure on the strain gauge directly. Calibration of the strain gauge with a weighing converter carried out on a verified electromechanical or hydraulic tensile testing machine guarantees high measurement accuracy. The indirect method for measuring the drawing force using electrical value sensors installed as part of an electric drive is less accurate, but its significant advantage is the ability to carry out measurements in industrial conditions without making significant design changes to the drawing machine. The contactless method for determining the drawing force by means of a device reading wire vibrations and converting them into an electrical signal can be used on virtually any industrial and laboratory equipment. Its main advantage is portability and ease of use. To carry out measurements, no highly qualified specialist is required to carry out measurements and any interventions in the equipment. Experimental measurement of the drawing force allows determining the friction coefficients depending on the process parameters, which in turn allows conducting research work to study the effect of the drawing tool and process lubricants on the energy-force parameters of the drawing process.