Evolution and Present Status of Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review

Electric vehicles (EVs) have progressed significantly since their inception as experimental models, now standing as a viable option in the global automotive market. This review attempts to track the evolution of EVs, covering historical advancements, technological progress, market shifts, and future potentials. It explores the early stages of electric propulsion, the development of battery technology, the rise of hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles, and the recent surge in fully electric models. Moreover, it considers the impact of regulatory policies, consumer preferences, and environmental concerns on the adoption of EVs. Drawing on academic research, industry insights, and governmental initiatives, this review thoroughly examines the developmental path of EVs and potential directions for their ongoing growth and innovation.