LoRa Agri: Agriculture Automation and Intruder Detection System with IoT and LoRa Technology

In recent years, agriculture has undergone significant technological advancements, becoming more commercial and technology-driven. These innovations have given farmers greater control over crop cultivation, enhancing security and profitability. As a result, IoT, connected devices, and automation are increasingly used in agriculture for tasks like crop monitoring, soil moisture measurement, climate assessment, intrusion detection, and efficient irrigation. Smart farming prioritizes extensive coverage over high data volumes or rapid transmission. In rural areas, low-power long-range (LoRa) technology plays a pivotal role, connecting hundreds of sensors up to 15 km away. Compared to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, LoRa stands out as an ideal choice for agriculture. This paper provides an overview of LoRa-based farm monitoring, including applications, advantages, and challenges. It also discusses the current landscape and future prospects for LoRa-based farm monitoring systems. This research aligns with several UN Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infras-tructure), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land), by promoting sustainable agriculture, technological innovation, efficient land use, climate-resilient farming, and biodiversity protection.