Blockchain-Envisioned UAV-Aided Disaster Relief Networks: Challenges and Solutions

Natural or man-made disasters pose significant challenges for delivering critical relief to affected populations due to disruptions in critical infrastructures and logistics networks. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-aided disaster relief networks (UDRNs) leverage UAVs to assist existing ground relief networks by swiftly assessing affected areas, and timely delivering lifesaving supplies. To meet the growing demands for collaborative, trust-free, and transparent UDRN services, blockchain-based UDRNs emerge as a promising approach through immutable ledgers and distributed smart contracts. However, several efficiency and security challenges hinder the deploy-ment of blockchain-based UDRNs, including the lack of cooperation between smart contracts, lack of dynamic audit for smart contract vulnerabilities, and low forensics robustness against transaction mal-leability attacks. Toward efficient and secure block-chain-based UDRNs, this article presents potential solutions: a series of collaborative smart contracts for coordinated relief management; a dynamic contract audit mechanism to prevent known/unknown con-tract vulnerabilities; and a robust transaction foren-sics strategy with on/off-chain cooperation to resist transaction malleability attacks. Our prototype implementation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach. Last-ly, we outline key open research issues crucial to advancing this emerging field.